LGBTQI Inclusive Education Map

The highest possible score for a country is 100, and the lowest is -15. You can expand the different sections below to understand how the score was calculated for each indicator.

Indicator scores

Sexual orientation

Gender identity and expression

Sex characteristics (intersex)

Anti-LGBTQI Measures

The Armenian Constitution (1995, amended in 2005) prohibits discrimination, but does not explicitly mention SOGIGESC grounds. ECRI (2019) and States in Armenia’s third UPR review (2020) made several recommendations to the government to ensure that discrimination against LGBTQI people is prohibited and violence criminalised.

A new Criminal Code came into force in July 2022, providing for amended provisions on aggravating circumstances for instances of discrimination or violence, with a non-exhaustive list of protected characteristics. Unfortunately, sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics are not explicitly included in this list, which leaves the interpretation of the provision to law-enforcement bodies. Civil society has reported that so far this mechanism is insufficient for ensuring the adequate protection of LGBTQI people.

The new Criminal Code also prescribes liability for inciting or advocating, via speech as well as dissemination of materials or objects for that effect, hatred, discrimination, intolerance or hostility against an individual or group of persons on grounds of racial, national, ethnic or social background, political or other opinions or other circumstances of personal and social nature. However, this provision has never been applied to situations of calls for violence or hate on the grounds of SOGIGESC.

Armenia is yet to adopt its anti-discrimination legislation. The draft law, the so-called "Law on Ensuring Equality Before the Law", has already been published as an e-draft on the Parliament’s online public discussion platform and several meetings have been organised by the Armenian Ministry of Justice with civil society organisations, however, the recommendations have not yet been considered and the final draft has not been sent to Parliament. One of the main concerns related to the draft law is the absence of SOGIGESC as protected grounds, despite it containing a non-exhaustive list of characteristics. Similarly to the Criminal Code amendments, this non-exhaustive list cannot be considered as an effective mechanism to combat discrimination on the grounds of SOGIGESC. According to a 2023-2025 Action Plan, deriving from the Human Rights Protection National Strategy, the "Law on Ensuring Equality Before the Law" should have been adopted in the second semester of 2024. However, the adoption of the legislation is still pending.

There have been several attempts by conservative political forces trying to criminalise the so-called “propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations”, but each initiative has so far failed.

Sexual orientation

Gender identity and expression

Sex characteristics (intersex)

Hostile environment

Hostile school environment and no government partnership with civil society: -5/10 | There is no evidence of the government providing funding or working in partnership with civil society: 0/10 | The government provides funding and works in partnership with civil society to promote inclusive education for one ground of discrimination: 5/10 | Two grounds: 7.5/10 | Three grounds: 10/10

Discrimination and violence against LGBTQI people remain common in Armenia. NGOs, such as Pink Armenia and RightSide have documented numerous cases over the past years and provided victims with legal support. Regrettably, the police and judiciary are rarely supportive of victims seeking justice.

A number of young people and students have also been targeted by discrimination, hate crimes and bullying. ECRI has reported that LGBTQI students, or those who are perceived to be LGBTQI, are particularly exposed to stigma, discriminatory treatment and aggression, which creates unsafe learning environments for them. As a result, this often prevents them from completing their studies and leads to their further social exclusion. Perpetrators of anti-LGBTQI bullying are often classmates or teaching staff, who often encourage or otherwise ignore incidents of anti-LGBTQI bullying.

In 2019, a 15-year-old boy was attacked because he was perceived to be gay. His parents dropped criminal charges, in fear of further bullying against their son. In 2020, a lesbian student was expelled from a military university. The director of the school stated that it was because of her sexual orientation

Between 2022 and 2023, Pink Armenia documented eight cases of anti-LGBTQI bullying and violence in Armenian schools. An example of one of these cases was that of a trans person whose identity was disclosed at school, resulting in them being subjected to bullying by peers and discriminatory treatment by teachers. Moreover, the school would regularly invite the student’s parents to school and disclose the student’s trans identity to them. The student was forced to change schools twice due to violence and discrimination. Another example of a case documented by Pink Armenia was that of a principal telling students that their friend was “disturbed” because they were trans. The principal then called the person's legal guardian and told them that “this illness is not permissible in school” and that if this situation were to continue or if the school were to receive complaints from parents, they would have to expel the student. In a third example, a student was forced to leave his school after having been subjected to physical and psychological abuse by his classmates and after the school refused to address these incidents. In a fourth example, a student was psychologically abused by a school headmaster and a school psychologist and bullied by his classmates due to his sexual orientation. The headmaster of his school responded to the bullying by asking the student when he would leave the school because “he was causing too many problems”. In all of the cases documented by Pink Armenia, the individuals concerned did not wish to contact law enforcement agencies.

The above information demonstrates that the government does not provide funding, nor does it actively work in partnership with NGOs in relation to LGBTQI inclusive education. This includes support for initiatives aimed at fostering inclusive educational environments and promoting the rights and well-being of LGBTQI learners.

View the map scored by indicator

Grounds of discrimination

Here is the country's score for each ground of discrimination on which we based our observations for 8 of the 10 indicators presented above.

Sexual orientation

Gender identity and expression

Sex characteristics (intersex)

See the map scored by ground of discrimination

Country score evolution

2025

/100

2022

/100

2018

/100

To enable a meaningful comparison of country progress over time, we have retroactively aligned the scoring systems used in the 2018 and 2022 Editions of IGLYO’s LGBTQI Inclusive Education Index with the updated 2025 scoring criteria. While each edition of the research has built on the previous one, reflecting evolving standards and priorities in inclusive education, minor changes to indicators and scoring weights were introduced in 2022 and 2025 to improve clarity, consistency, and comprehensiveness.
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By recalculating the earlier scores according to the 2025 framework, we have tried to ensure comparability across all three editions and provide a more accurate picture of progress, stagnation, or regression in each country’s approach to LGBTQI-inclusive education. For this reason, you might find some scores in the PDF Report & Index 2018 and 2022 differing from those on the Education website for these two years.

Good practices

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/100

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YEAR

/100

2022

Europe Average

30.6

/100

European Union Average

41.6

/100