There have been no legislative changes in Ireland since 2022 that relate to education and SOGIGESC issues.
The Equal Status Acts (2000-2015) prohibit discrimination and harassment on the grounds of sexual orientation. The Acts also cover “gender”, which has been interpreted in case law as covering “gender identity”. GESC grounds are not covered. The Education Act (1998) and the Education (Welfare) Act (2000) state that schools must promote inclusion and equality by outlining a number of duties and responsibilities. The Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission Act (2000) imposes the duty to proactively prevent discrimination and promote equality on all public bodies, including schools, universities and training facilities.
In June 2023, the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth, Roderic O’Gorman, said that conversion practices will carry a criminal offence under planned legislation. No such legislation has yet been passed.
The Cineáltas: Action Plan on Bullying (2022) builds on the 2013 Action Plan on Bullying to prevent and address bullying in primary and post-primary schools. The Action Plan specifically acknowledges the heightened risks of bullying for LGBTQI students, noting evidence from Belong To and UNESCO which indicates that LGBTQI students and gender-non-conforming students are at heightened risk of bullying. The Plan aims to address these risks through policy measures such as inclusive curricula, updating anti-bullying procedures, and developing informational resources for schools and educational professionals.
The National Youth Strategy (2018) identifies LGBTQI young people as a vulnerable group in the context of bullying and calls for inclusive schools. Among the recommended measures are gender-neutral uniforms, gender-neutral toilets, and inclusive policies for trans and non-binary learners (e.g., the use of correct pronouns).
Ireland’s LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy (2018-2020), the first of its kind in the world and welcomed by ECRI, called for three goals: Firstly, create a safe, supportive and inclusive environment for LGBTQI young people; secondly develop the research and data environment to better understand the lives of LGBTQI young people; and lastly, improve the physical, mental and sexual health of LGBTQI young people. Although this was welcomed by ECRI, ECRI also noted that despite this achieved progress, some issues still give rise to concern.
Department of Education guidelines highlight the need for specific measures to be taken to combat homophobic and transphobic bullying in schools.
In 2023, the new Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) and Relationship and Sex Education (RSE) junior cycle curriculum, published by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, includes LGBTQI rights throughout. Set to be introduced in 2025, a new Senior Cycle curriculum, integrating SPHE and Relationship and Sexuality Education (RSE) was introduced for the first time. This curriculum aims to normalise LGBTQI identities, relationships and families by fully integrating them into the teaching material, rather than addressing them in stand-alone lessons. This curriculum does not however, contain any mentions of sex characteristics.
The primary school curriculum is currently undergoing revision, with no specific date announced.
In response, a Catholic group printed 100,000 leaflets to invite parents to a meeting against the SPHE curriculum. Earlier in 2023, the Catholic Primary Schools Management Association sent letters to two ministries to ask that pupils are not taught about trans issues in primary schools. Civil society, the Irish National Teachers’ Organisation and the government all condemned the contents of the letter. The President, the Taoiseach and the Tánaiste all expressed support for informing students about gender diversity. The Minister for Children and Equality said students should “absolutely” be taught more about trans people and respect for diversity.
There is currently no mandatory teacher training on LGBTQI awareness, but university departments of education and individual instructors may choose to include this content in their modules.
In 2023 research “An Exploration of Teachers’ Knowledge and Awareness of Issues and Barriers Encountered in Supporting LGBT+ Students: A Study in a Catholic Secondary School in Ireland”, it is suggested that a lack of LGBTQI knowledge among staff, is attributed to a lack of training. As a country with a predominantly Catholic based school system it is important to note that the findings show mixed perceptions of what is acceptable to discuss and support in a Catholic school.
NGOs in Ireland provide teacher training on an ad-hoc invite basis. ShoutOut provides training for teachers, other school staff, and parents and guardians, and runs workshops on LGBTQI inclusion for learners to around 6,000 students per academic year. ShoutOut also provides teacher support alongside the educational workshops provided to students. This is specific to each environment and is aligned with meeting the needs of the school environment. In 2022, ShoutOut compiled resources for Teachers to use in their school. ShoutOut develops youth-led LGBTQI resources to assist students such as Glórtha Aiteacha \ Queer Voices and Faithfully Queer.
The NGO BeLonG To also provides a teacher training programme that includes information about how teachers can make referrals to BeLonG To’s National Network of LGBTQI youth services. BeLonG To has also started to receive invitations to provide training to professional educational services such as the professional development service for teachers in the national education’s psychological service, and the education welfare service. This not only provides skills, knowledge and confidence-building, but also expands the number of educational professionals who know that learners can be referred to BeLonG To’s youth services.
In 2023, the first cohort of 34 people joined a new postgraduate programme for post-primary teachers teaching Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) and/ or Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE). In 2024, attacks and misinformation were levelled against the Dublin City University Graduate Diploma in Social, Personal and Health Education/Relationships and Sexuality Education. This Diploma, the first of its kind in Ireland, is aimed at primary and post-primary teachers teaching SPHE to support them to deliver the new curriculum and meet students’ learning needs in relationships and sexuality education. Teaching staff on the course have received threats, and materials for adults on the course have been misrepresented as being for children and young people, to incite confusion and outrage over the teaching of the course.
Between March and May 2024, over 400 teachers attended seminars on the new specifications for Junior Cycle SPHE, indicating a growing interest and commitment to implementing the updated curriculum.
In 2021, BeLonG To’s national study found a severe deterioration of LGBTQI young people’s mental health since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as 97% reported struggling with anxiety, stress, or depression and more than half reported suicidal ideation.
In 2020, the trans organisation TENI’s study on the school experiences of trans youth found that trans and gender diverse young people routinely feel mistreated, bullied, excluded, judged, and disrespected in school. The 2019 School Climate Survey found that 73% of LGBTQI youth felt unsafe in school. Overall, bullying, discrimination, and violence remains common.
Extracurricular activities take place in school venues in Ireland. There is no law prohibiting LGBTQI youth clubs from meeting on school venues, which are present in a non-uniform way in schools throughout the country.
There has not been a public or institutional discussion regarding the exclusion or inclusion of LGBTQI-specific material from the curricula.
Civil society organisations providing support services to LGBTQI youth receive public funding and regularly collaborate with schools to prevent and address bullying. The Irish government actively works in partnership with NGOs in relation to education. This includes support for initiatives aimed at fostering inclusive educational environments and promoting the rights and well-being of LGBTQI learners.
Legal gender recognition is set out in law and is based on self-determination for those over 18. For those between 16-18, LGR is accessible with an application made on behalf of the minor (with certification by two medical practitioners) and at the consideration of the Minister. Civil society is concerned that those between 16-18 must have acquired parental consent and medical certificates. Young people under 16 cannot access LGR.
A review of the Gender Recognition Act took place at the end of 2017 to further analyse and take into consideration issues in the Act, including the position of people who are non-binary and the position of young people. The recommendations of this review include that a system of gender recognition should be introduced for children of any age, subject to parental consent, and creating an administrative process for LGR via application to the Department of Social Protection, not through the court system. This recommendation has not been implemented.
In 2021, the Gender Recognition Act was amended to simplify the process of obtaining a Gender Recognition Certificate, removing several administrative and financial barriers.
There is no national policy allowing students to use their preferred name in schools prior to legal gender recognition. While some schools may adopt inclusive practices independently, there is no comprehensive data on the prevalence of such initiatives.
The government does not collect data on anti-LGBTQI bullying, but schools need to report cases and the LGBTI+ National Youth Strategy committed to remedy the data gap. Civil society collects data about LGBTQI young people’s experiences in school, as well as their well-being and other key topics (see under School environment).
The Central Statistics Office (CSO) provides two options when selecting sex in question two on Ireland’s Census - ‘male’ or ‘female’. Those who don’t fill in either option will randomly be assigned a gender, according to the CSO. Following the 2016 Census, the CSO launched a public consultation on the content of the Census 2022 questionnaire in late 2017. According to the CSO, a question on gender identity has been recommended for pilot testing as part of the preparations for the Census 2027.
Each school has a pastoral care team, that includes teachers or guidance counselors. The level of training is not consistent throughout the country, and there is no compulsory training in LGBTQI awareness. BeLong To trains both counselors and teachers throughout the country, in LGBTQI-awareness within the context of bullying prevention.
Civil society organisations provide support to LGBTQI youth as well as relief and support services for victims of bullying. BeLong To has a national network of LGBTQI youth services throughout the country. LGBT Ireland’s helpline is also available to young people. In 2020, 18 school’s joined BeLong To’s Safe & Supportive Schools Project to create a safe and inclusive environment for LGBTQI students.
Stand Up Awareness Week is a week when secondary-level schools, youth services, and Youthreach Centres in Ireland develop actions against homophobic, biphobic and transphobic bullying. The week is organised by BeLonG To. The week provides an opportunity for schools to look at how they can become more safe and supportive places for LGBTQI students.
LGBTQI-related information is allowed to be present in school venues. Schools must proactively raise awareness of LGBTQI issues to combat bullying and discrimination. Many participate in awareness-raising events.
ShoutOut delivers LGBTQI educational workshops to students across the country focusing on lived experience, terminology and allyship. Since 2012, they have delivered these workshops to over 80,000 young people in schools across Ireland. They also provide teacher training and policy support.
BelongTo provides materials for schools, both primary and secondary, such as leaflets, lesson plans, and toolkits.
There are almost 50 LGBTQI youth groups across the country.
Irish Authorities have supported the resource pack "Being LGBT in School", developed by the Gay and Lesbian Equality Network (GLEN), intended for Post Primary Schools to prevent homophobic and transphobic bullying and support LGBTQI Students as part of the implementation of the Action Plan on Bullying.
Ireland has ratified eight of the nine core UN treaties, including the ICESCR and the CRC, which enshrine the right to education. Ireland is a member of the European Governmental LGBTI Focal Points Network (as of November 2020), but has not signed the 2016 UNESCO Call for Action.
Here is the country's score for each ground of discrimination on which we based our observations for 8 of the 10 indicators presented above.
To enable a meaningful comparison of country progress over time, we have retroactively aligned the scoring systems used in the 2018 and 2022 Editions of IGLYO’s LGBTQI Inclusive Education Index with the updated 2025 scoring criteria. While each edition of the research has built on the previous one, reflecting evolving standards and priorities in inclusive education, minor changes to indicators and scoring weights were introduced in 2022 and 2025 to improve clarity, consistency, and comprehensiveness.
By recalculating the earlier scores according to the 2025 framework, we have tried to ensure comparability across all three editions and provide a more accurate picture of progress, stagnation, or regression in each country’s approach to LGBTQI-inclusive education. For this reason, you might find some scores in the PDF Report & Index 2018 and 2022 differing from those on the Education website for these two years.